@MastersThesis{Victorino:2016:AnDePi,
author = "Victorino, Helo{\'{\i}}sa da Silva",
title = "An{\'a}lise de deforma{\c{c}}{\~a}o em pilhas de
disposi{\c{c}}{\~a}o de est{\'e}ril (NWI, W e SIV) no complexo
minerador de Caraj{\'a}s com uso de dados stripmap do
sat{\'e}lite TerraSAR- X",
school = "Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)",
year = "2016",
address = "S{\~a}o Jos{\'e} dos Campos",
month = "2016-03-02",
keywords = "pilha de disposi{\c{c}}{\~a}o de est{\'e}ril, interferometria
diferencial SAR, prov{\'{\i}}ncia mineral de Caraj{\'a}s, waste
pile, differential interferometry SAR, intensity tracking,
Caraj{\'a}s mineral province.",
abstract = "A Prov{\'{\i}}ncia Mineral de Caraj{\'a}s (PMC) det{\'e}m a
maior mina de ferro a c{\'e}u aberto do mundo e a melhor
qualidade de min{\'e}rio de ferro, bem como grandes
dep{\'o}sitos de mangan{\^e}s, cobre, n{\'{\i}}quel e ouro,
sob opera{\c{c}}{\~a}o da Vale S.A. Atualmente cinco minas a
c{\'e}u aberto (N4E, N4W, N5E, N5W e N5S) tem a
produ{\c{c}}{\~a}o anual de milh{\~o}es de toneladas de
min{\'e}rio de ferro. A explora{\c{c}}{\~a}o mineral d{\'a}
origem a dois tipos de res{\'{\i}}duos os est{\'e}reis,
compostos por materiais s{\'o}lidos agregados ao min{\'e}rio e
comumente removidos durante a lavra; e os rejeitos, resultantes do
processo de beneficiamento do min{\'e}rio. Os res{\'{\i}}duos
s{\'o}lidos s{\~a}o os principais respons{\'a}veis pelo impacto
ambiental nas atividades mineradoras. Ap{\'o}s sua
remo{\c{c}}{\~a}o s{\~a}o transportados por caminh{\~o}es e
dispostos sob a forma de pilhas em camadas sucessivas. A principal
caracter{\'{\i}}stica das Pilhas de Disposi{\c{c}}{\~a}o
Est{\'e}ril (PDEs) s{\~a}o os recalques (assentamentos) sofridos
durante e ap{\'o}s a opera{\c{c}}{\~a}o, que ocorrem devido
{\`a} reorienta{\c{c}}{\~a}o das part{\'{\i}}culas,
altera{\c{c}}{\~a}o por intemperismo, enfraquecimento dos
contatos entre part{\'{\i}}culas e carreamento de material. A
possibilidade de ocorr{\^e}ncia de acidentes nas PDEs e seus
impactos no setor ambiental requerem ferramentas eficientes para o
planejamento e preven{\c{c}}{\~a}o ou minimiza{\c{c}}{\~a}o de
eventuais consequ{\^e}ncias negativas. A fim de detectar e
monitorar poss{\'{\i}}veis deforma{\c{c}}{\~o}es superficiais
nas PDEs NWI, W e SIV localizadas na PMC, foram aplicadas duas
abordagens de processamento de imagens de Radar de Abertura
Sint{\'e}tica (SAR): uma consolidada na literatura, com
precis{\~a}o centim{\'e}trica Interferometria Diferencial para
S{\'e}ries Temporais (DInSAR-TS), que utiliza interferogramas
diferenciais para detectar movimentos na superf{\'{\i}}cie em
LoS a partir da informa{\c{c}}{\~a}o de fase; e uma mais
recente, com precis{\~a}o m{\'e}trica Intensity Tracking, que
aplica a correla{\c{c}}{\~a}o cruzada bidimensional sobre a
imagem amplitude para rastrear altera{\c{c}}{\~o}es na
posi{\c{c}}{\~a}o dos espalhadores na linha de visada do
sat{\'e}lite (Line of Sight LoS) nas dire{\c{c}}{\~o}es de
range e azimute. Foram utilizadas na investiga{\c{c}}{\~a}o 33
imagens TerraSAR-X (TSX-1), adquiridas no modo StripMap, entre 20
de mar{\c{c}}o de 2012 e 20 abril de 2013. Os resultados
mostraram que a abordagem DInSAR-TS apresenta-se adequada para
esta aplica{\c{c}}{\~a}o, deixando apenas algumas {\'a}reas sem
monitoramento, que foram em sua totalidade preenchidas pelos
resultados da Intensity Tracking que, apesar de apresentar menor
acur{\'a}cia, proporciona informa{\c{c}}{\~o}es de
tend{\^e}ncia de comportamento da superf{\'{\i}}cie,
proporcionando ind{\'{\i}}cios para averigua{\c{c}}{\~a}o.
ABSTRACT: The Caraj{\'a}s Mineral Province (CMP) holds to the
largest iron the open sky world and best quality iron ore mine, as
well as large deposits of manganese, copper, nickel and gold,
under operation of Vale S.A. Currently five mines iron ore in the
open (N4E, N4W, N5E, N5W and N5S) have an annual production of
millions of tons. Mineral exploration generates two types of
residues - waste, composed of solid materials aggregated to the
ore and commonly removed during mining; and tailings, resulting
from ore beneficiation process. Solid residues are the main
responsible for the environmental impact of mining activities.
After removed they are transported by trucks and arranged in piles
form in successive layers. The main characteristic of Waste Piles
(WP) is the settlements during and after operation, which occur
due to the reorientation of the particles, change due to
weathering, weakening of contact between particles, and carrying
of material. The possibility of accidents on WP and their impacts
in the environment require efficient tools for planning and
preventing or minimizing any adverse impacts. In order to detect
and monitor potential surface deformations at NWI, W and SIV waste
piles located in CMP, two Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) images
processing approaches were applied: a consolidated in literature,
with centimeter accuracy Differential Interferometry for
Time-series (DInSAR-TS), that uses differential interferograms to
detect movements on surface from phase information in Line of
Sight (LoS); and a more recent, with metric precision Intensity
Tracking, that applies the two-dimensional cross-correlation on
the amplitude image to track changes in the position of the
scatterers in LoS in range and azimuth directions. 33 TerraSAR-X
StripMap images covering the period between March 2012 20th and
April 2013 20th were used in the investigation. Results showed
that the approach DInSAR-TS is appropriate for this application,
leaving only some areas without monitoring, which were entirely
filled by the results of Intensity Tracking, despite having lower
accuracy, provides the information of surface behavior trend,
providing evidences for investigation.",
committee = "Gama, F{\'a}bio Furlan (presidente/orientador) and Paradella,
Waldir Renato (orientador) and Mura, Jos{\'e} Cl{\'a}udio and
Oliveira, Cleber Gonzales de",
copyholder = "SID/SCD",
englishtitle = "Displacement analysis of waste piles (NWI, W and SIV) in
caraj{\'a}s mineral complex using TerraSAR-X stripmap data",
language = "pt",
pages = "144",
ibi = "8JMKD3MGP3W34P/3LAKPKL",
url = "http://urlib.net/ibi/8JMKD3MGP3W34P/3LAKPKL",
targetfile = "publicacao.pdf",
urlaccessdate = "27 abr. 2024"
}